What the ASPE Study Is Learning About Genes and Autism Traits
Every person has a unique mix of strengths, needs, and ways of experiencing the world. The Autism Spectrum Program of Excellence (ASPE) Study explores how differences in DNA (genotype) might help explain the wide range of traits (phenotype) we see across the autism spectrum.
Genotype refers to a person’s unique DNA, including genetic variants inherited from their biological parents. It also includes de novo variants, which are new genetic changes that arise spontaneously and are not found in either parent.
Phenotype includes the traits we can observe—like how someone communicates, moves, or experiences the world through their senses.
One simple way to picture it: genes are like individual instruments, and traits are like the symphony—with each instrument playing its part and combining its sound with those of other instruments to create a unique, complex, and harmonious whole.
The ASPE Study collects biological samples, such as saliva and blood, to obtain DNA for genetic analysis. We learn about traits using questionnaires about behavior and psychological characteristics.
We are starting to see how certain genetic patterns might be connected to specific traits. There is no single “autism gene.” Instead, many different gene variants contribute to autism in different individuals, and that’s part of what makes the spectrum so varied and different for each person. Over time, these biological insights that genes provide may help lead to earlier understanding, more tailored supports, and better ways to enhance each person’s well-being and quality of life.
Thank you to every individual and family who has taken part in our research. Your time, trust, and dedication are helping us build a deeper understanding of autism.